Clark national center for infectious diseases, centers for disease control and prevention, fort collins, colorado, usa. After world war ii, there was a dramatic increase in the frequency and number of epidemics in southeast asia, with the emergence of the severe forms dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf and dengue shock syndrome dss. Surveillance case definitions are not intended to be used by healthcare providers for making a clinical diagnosis or determining how to. All content is viewable but it will not display as intended. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is a specific syndrome that tends to affect. Division of highconsequence pathogens and pathology. Living or traveling to a region of the world where the infection is endemic is a risk factor for the disease. From 1975 through 2009, symptomatic dengue virus infections were classified according to the who guidelines as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome the most severe form of dhf.
Introduction dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. These symptoms are often accompanied by hemorrhage bleeding. Since the 1960s, numerous reports have identified a second heterologous dengue virus denv infection as a principal risk factor for severe dengue disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue shock syndrome, dhfdss. It is a caused by a flavivirus with four distinct serotypes dv1, dv2, dv3, and dv4. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. Doctors can diagnose dengue infection with a blood test to check for the virus or antibodies to it. A 16yearold boy presented with a history of hematemesis and highgrade fever. Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected aedes species ae.
Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies among. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions. Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever ahf is caused by alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus ahfv, a tickborne virus of the flavivirus family. Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies among livestock on corsica, france, 20142016 author. Louis encephalitis virus, japanese encephalitis virus, tickborne encephalitis virus, kyasanur forest disease virus, and omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. Suspect dengue fever if patients who live in or have traveled to endemic areas if they have typical symptoms. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link. Today, dengue viruses are the most prevalent arthropodborne viruses in the world.
Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and is caused by one of four dengue viruses. Viral hemorrhagic fevers chapter 4 2020 yellow book. Pathophysiology and management of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no crossprotection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes hyperendemicity can occur. Hrough the ages, dengue fever df has been a cause of public health concern in the southeast asia region. Filoviruses include the ebola viruses, which cause ebola virus disease evd. May 03, 2019 the first dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in the americas occurred in cuba in 1981 and involved serotype 2 dengue denv2, with hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue in both children and adults, 24,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, 10,000 cases of dengue shock syndrome, and 158 reported deaths. Dengue is a potentially fatal acute febrile illness caused by infection with any of four dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Dengue, dengue virus, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, flavivirus, aedes mosquitoes, dhf, df, dss. Statistical analysis allele and genotype frequencies were determined by direct counting. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever. Modifiers of dengue disease response include the specific sequence of two denv infections, the.
Secondary infection as a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic. Other members of the same genus include yellow fever virus, west nile virus, zika virus, st. Cdc blogs public health matters blog dengue fever sharing our stories on preparing for and responding to public health events skip directly to search skip directly to a to z list skip directly to navigation skip directly to page options skip directly to site content. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Infection with one of these serotypes does not provide cross. Haemorrhagic fever patients and replaces the existing national guidelines on clinical management of dengue fever dengue haemorrhagic fever published by epidemiology unit ministry of health in 2005. Infection with one serotype of denv provides immunity to that. Welcome to cdc stacks eighth international course on. They cause a disease known as dengue fever, but they can also cause a more severe form of illness known as dengue hemorrhagic fever or severe dengue, which potentially can be fatal.
Surveillance case definitions enable public health officials to classify and count cases consistently across reporting jurisdictions. A surveillance case definition is a set of uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. Information about dengue fever the us center for disease control cdc notes that with more than onethird of the worlds. Comprehensive guideline for prevention and control of dengue. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Department of health and human services centers for. Mild cases of dengue fever may not require hospitalization, but you may wish to consult with your doctor as to the appropriate treatment.
Pdf dengue hemorrhagic fever presenting with acute pancreatitis. Forty percent of the worlds population, about 3 billion people, live in areas with a risk of dengue. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever 1 dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever information for health care practitioners dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever in a dengueendemic region. Jun 21, 2019 other viral hemorrhagic fevers with dengue and crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever being the most similar in presentation also remain among the differential diagnoses for severe yellow fever during the intoxication period and are important to consider, as they require unique isolation precautions. Dengue infectious diseases merck manuals professional edition. The clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from dengue fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. National center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases. Who is at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic. Several families of enveloped rna viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs. Furthermore, a positive association of hladq1 and susceptibility to classical dengue fever in a white southern brazilian population has been reported rev panam salud publica. If you become sick after traveling to a tropical area, let. Dengue is common in more than 100 countries around the world. Infection with one serotype of denv provides immunity to that serotype for life, but provides no longterm immunity to other serotypes. Overview dengue is a mosquitoborne disease cause by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv 1,2,3 and 4. Welcome to cdc stacks dengue and dengue hemorrhagic. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever pubmed central pmc.
The centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal. Dengue fever symptoms, causes, contagious, rash, prevention. After regular office hours and on weekends, the persons named above may be contacted through the cdc duty officer ext. In general, the term viral hemorrhagic fever is used to describe a severe multisystem syndrome multisystem in that multiple organ systems in the body are. Clinical practice guidelines of denguedengue hemorrhagic. Symptoms include frontal headache, retroorbital pain, myalgias, arthralgias, hemorrhagic manifestations, rash, and. Dengue is a febrile illness that can have a fatal outcome in severe cases. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. Centers for disease control and prevention clinical diagnosis dengue classic dengue fever, or break bone fever, is characterized by acute onset of high fever 314 days after the bite of an infected mosquito. Yellow fever differential diagnoses medscape reference. However, the overlap of geographic distribution and early clinical features between the two conditions make a reliable diagnosis difficult in the initial stage of illness. To adequately determine what laboratory tests are necessary, correctly provide a clinical diagnosis and to assure that test results are received by the requesting physician, the following information is essential. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur when someone is bitten by a mosquito or exposed to blood infected with the dengue virus. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Once you are infected with one of the dengue viruses, you will develop immunity to that. Select up to three search categories and corresponding keywords using the fields to the right. Call 7182221065 for more info on finding solutions for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever has emerged as a global public health problem in the recent decades. Jan 27, 2016 a program for prevention and control of epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in puerto rico and the u. Some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected aedes mosquitoes, principally aedes aegypti, which is also the principal urban vector of yellow fever. Dengue pronounced dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Dengue fever can cause a potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with a bleeding tendency and shock dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
Dengue fever virus denv is an rna virus of the family flaviviridae. We report a case of dengue hemorrhagic fever complicated by acute hepatitis. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne viral illness found throughout the. Description of the seropravelence for crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever virus among livestock on corsica island and chances of nondetection. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. The dengue viruses, a group of four closely related viruses, are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. National notifiable diseases surveillance system nndss note. Dengue fever this article was prepared to provide more. Clark national center for infectious diseases, centers for. Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever centers for disease control. Dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever bruce r. Dengue is often a leading cause of illness in areas. Guidelines on management of dengue fever in children and. Mar 15, 2016 dengue hemorrhagic fever case study 1.
The cdc dengue branch provides dengue testing free of cost to submitting physicians, state and private laboratories. Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, where an estimated 400 million denv infections and 100 million clinically apparent dengue cases occurred in 2010. Dengue fever is the worlds most important viral hemorrhagic fever disease, the most geographically widespread of the arthropodborn viruses, and it causes a wide clinical spectrum of disease. Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are endemic in pakistan. The presence of waterholding containers in and around the home needed for the mosquitos to complete their development sustains the reservoir for disease and is a risk factor. Guerdan, md, mph abstract in september 2009 the first documented, locally acquired cases of dengue fever in eighty years were diagnosed in individuals living in or visiting key west, florida.
A90 dengue fever a91 dengue hemorrhagic fever a91 a dengue shock syndrome a99 unconfirmed dengue clinical presentation of dengue infections dengue viruses which have 4 serotypes. Jan 27, 2016 introduction dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. The emergence of a global health problem dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are caused by one of four closely related, but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes den1, den2, den3, and den4, of the genus flavivirus 1. Saving lives, protecting people centers for disease control and prevention. Dengue fever df is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes aegypti mosquitoes with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia and asiapacific regions of the world. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. Clinical diagnosis what to look for when you evaluate patients for dhf how to treat dengue fever clinical management laboratory diagnosis epidemiology dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Dengue hemorrhagic fever presenting with acute pancreatitis article pdf available in the southeast asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 414.
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